一，为什么要使用lighttpd? apache不可以吗？ 在支持纯静态的对象时，比如图片，文件等 ， lighttpd速度更快，更理想 至于它和apache的比较，很多文档，大家可以google一下

二，从何处下载lighttpd?

http://www.lighttpd.net/download/

这个是它的官方站

三，如何安装？ 1,编译安装 ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/lighttpd make make install

configure完毕以后，会给出一个激活的模块和没有激活模块的清单，可以检查一下，是否自己需要的模块都已经激活，在enable的模块中一定要有“mod_rewrite”这一项，否则重新检查pcre是否安装。

2,编译后配置 [...]]]>

一，为什么要使用lighttpd?
apache不可以吗？
在支持纯静态的对象时，比如图片，文件等 ，
lighttpd速度更快，更理想
至于它和apache的比较，很多文档，大家可以google一下

二，从何处下载lighttpd?

http://www.lighttpd.net/download/

这个是它的官方站

三，如何安装？
1,编译安装
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/lighttpd
make
make install

configure完毕以后，会给出一个激活的模块和没有激活模块的清单，可以检查一下，是否自己需要的模块都已经激活，在enable的模块中一定要有“mod_rewrite”这一项，否则重新检查pcre是否安装。

2,编译后配置
cp doc/sysconfig.lighttpd /etc/sysconfig/lighttpd
mkdir /etc/lighttpd
cp doc/lighttpd.conf /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf

如果你的Linux是RedHat/CentOS，那么：
cp doc/rc.lighttpd.redhat /etc/init.d/lighttpd
如果你的Linux是SuSE，那么：
cp doc/rc.lighttpd /etc/init.d/lighttpd
其他Linux发行版本可以自行参考该文件内容进行修改。
然后修改/etc/init.d/lighttpd，把
LIGHTTPD_BIN=/usr/sbin/lighttpd
改为
LIGHTTPD_BIN=/usr/local/lighttpd/sbin/lighttpd

此脚本用来控制lighttpd的启动关闭和重起：
/etc/init.d/lighttpd start
/etc/init.d/lighttpd stop
/etc/init.d/lighttpd restart
3,配置
修改/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
1）server.modules
取消需要用到模块的注释，mod_rewrite，mod_access，mod_fastcgi，mod_simple_vhost，mod_cgi， mod_compress，mod_accesslog是一般需要用到的。
我们放开 “mod_rewrite”
“mod_compress”,

2）server.document-root, server.error-log，accesslog.filename需要指定相应的目录
server.document-root = “/www/phc/html/”
mkdir /usr/local/lighttpd/logs
chmod 777 /usr/local/lighttpd/logs/
touch /usr/local/lighttpd/logs/error.log
chmod 777 /usr/local/lighttpd/logs/error.log

server.errorlog = “/usr/local/lighttpd/logs/error.log”
accesslog.filename = “|/usr/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/lighttpd/logs/%Y/%m/%d/accesslog.log”

3）用什么权限来运行lighttpd
server.username = “nobody”
server.groupname = “nobody”
从安全角度来说，不建议用root权限运行web server，可以自行指定普通用户权限。

4）静态文件压缩
mkdir /usr/local/lighttpd/compress
chmod 777 /usr/local/lighttpd/compress/
compress.cache-dir = “/usr/local/lighttpd/compress/”
compress.filetype = (“text/plain”, “text/html”,”text/javascript”,”text/css”)

可以指定某些静态资源类型使用压缩方式传输，节省带宽，
对于大量AJAX应用来说，可以极大提高页面加载速度。

5）server.port = 81

6）#$HTTP["url"] =~ “.pdf$” {
131 # server.range-requests = “disable”
132 #}

4，优化
1 最大连接数

默认是1024
修改 server.max-fds,大流量网站推荐2048.

因为lighttpd基于线程,而apache(MPM-prefork)基于子进程,
所以apache需要设置startservers,maxclients等,这里不需要
2 stat() 缓存

stat() 这样的系统调用,开销也是相当明显的.
缓存能够节约时间和环境切换次数(context switches)

一句话,lighttpd.conf加上
server.stat-cache-engine = “fam”

lighttpd还另外提供simple(缓存1秒内的stat()),disabled选项.
相信没人会选disabled吧.
3 常连接(HTTP Keep-Alive)

一般来说,一个系统能够打开的文件个数是有限制的(文件描述符限制)
常连接占用文件描述符,对非并发的访问没有什么意义.

(文件描述符的数量和许多原因有关,比如日志文件数量,并发数目等)

这是lighttpd在keep-alive方面的默认值.
server.max-keep-alive-requests = 128
server.max-keep-alive-idle = 30

换言之,lighttpd最多可以同时承受30秒长的常连接,每个连接最多请求128个文件.
但这个默认值确实不适合非并发这种多数情况.

lighttpd.conf 中减小
server.max-keep-alive-requests
server.max-keep-alive-idle
两个值,可以减缓这种现象.

甚至可以关闭lighttpd keep-alive.
server.max-keep-alive-requests = 0
4 事件处理

对于linux kernel 2.6来说,没有别的可说
lighttpd.conf中加上这一句足矣
server.event-handler = “linux-sysepoll”

另外,
linux 2.4 使用 linux-rtsig
freebsd 使用 freebsd-kqueue
unix 使用 poll
5 网络处理

lighttpd 大量使用了 sendfile() 这样一个高效的系统调用.
减少了从应用程序到网卡间的距离.
(同时也减少了lighttpd对cpu的占用,这部分占用转嫁到内核身上了)

根据平台,可以设置不同的参数.
server.network-backend = “linux-sendfile”
(linux)
freebsd: freebsd-sendfile
unix: writev

如果有兴趣的话,也可以看看lighttpd在async io(aio)上的实现,仅限 lighttpd 1.5
(linux-aio-sendfile, posix-aio, gthread-aio)

此外,网络方面,核心的参数也需要适当进行修改,
这里就不需要详细说明了.

5,启动
6,配置日志
logrotate & cronolog
logrotate很粗暴,直接把进程砍了然后移动日志
cronolog就是比较不错的方式.
lighttpd用法:
accesslog.filename = ” |/usr/sbin/cronolog /var/log/lighttpd/%Y/%m/%d/access_XXXX.log”

7,安装pcre
从何处下载?

http://www.pcre.org/

wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.4.tar.bz2
安装过程：
　　./configure
　　make clean
　　make
　　make install

8,支持fam
gamin默认已安装了此包
yum install gamin-devel

另外配置时需添加：
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/lighttpd –with-fam

9,测试lighttpd的启动：
/usr/local/lighttpd/sbin/lighttpd -f /usr/local/lighttpd/etc/lighttpd.conf

10,防止盗链
#$HTTP["referer"] !~ “^($|http://.*.(chinafotopress.com|chinafotopress.cn))” {
# $HTTP["url"] =~ “.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|rar|zip|mp3)$” {
# #url.redirect = (“.*” => “http://www.baidu.com/”)
# url.access-deny = (“.jpg”)
# }
#}

#$HTTP["referer"] == “” {
# $HTTP["url"] =~ “.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|rar|zip|mp3)$” {
# #url.redirect = (“.*” => “http://www.baidu.com/”)
# url.access-deny = (“.jpg”)
# }
#}

日志处理

Sometimes, Google Analytics just isn’t enough when it comes to keeping and interpreting server stats. After finding a suitable log file analyzer, AWStats, the next step involved separating out the log files on a per domain basis. When the server was first set up, everything was shuttled to one set of access and error log files. While AWStats could technically analyze this log, the suggested set up involves having one set per domain. This article details the process of separating out the log files and making sure that these new files get rotated correctly.
Create Log Directories

While it would be possible to keep all of the files in one directory and to just name them relative to the domain, for this tutorial we will assume that we will create subdirectories based on the domain name. The first step would be to create a directory for each domain.

sudo -u www-data mkdir /var/log/lighttpd/www.example1.com
sudo -u www-data mkdir /var/log/lighttpd/www.example2.com
Update lighttpd.conf

After creating the directories, it’s time to update the lighttpd conf file in /etc/lighttpd. We’ll want to set the log files by host name. We already had directives setting the server.document-root for these domains so we only added the bolded lines.

$HTTP["host"] =~ “(^|\.)example1.com”$” {
server.document-root = “/var/www/www.example1.com”,
server.errorlog = “/var/log/lighttpd/www.example1.com/error.log”,
accesslog.filename = “/var/log/lighttpd/www.example1.com/access.log”,
}

$HTTP["host"] =~ “(^|\.)example2.com$” {
server.document-root = “/var/www/www.example2.com”,
server.errorlog = “/var/log/lighttpd/www.example2.com/error.log”,
accesslog.filename = “/var/log/lighttpd/www.example2.com/access.log”,
}

After adding these directives, you will need to restart the server.

sudo /etc/init.d/lighttpd restart
Update Logrotate

Finally, we will want logrotate to rotate these new directories. Since our main goal is to integrate the logs with AWStats, it made sense to add a separate entry for each log directory. However, if you don’t need call different scripts for the different domains, feel free to create one directive. We just copied the existing logrotate configuration and editted it for each of the domains. Below are examples of what this might look like.

/var/log/lighttpd/*.log {
daily
missingok
copytruncate
rotate 60
compress
notifempty
sharedscripts
postrotate
if [ -f /var/run/lighttpd.pid ]; then \
kill -HUP $(
fi;
endscript
}
/var/log/lighttpd/www.example1.com/*.log {
daily
missingok
copytruncate
rotate 60
compress
notifempty
sharedscripts
postrotate
if [ -f /var/run/lighttpd.pid ]; then \
kill -HUP $(
fi;
endscript
}
/var/log/lighttpd/www.example2.com/*.log {
daily
missingok
copytruncate
rotate 60
compress
notifempty
sharedscripts
postrotate
if [ -f /var/run/lighttpd.pid ]; then \
kill -HUP $(
fi;
endscript
}

To make just one configuration entry, it would look like this:

“/var/log/lighttpd/*.log” “/var/log/lighttpd/www.example1.com/*.log” “/var/log/lighttpd/www.example2.com/*.log” {
daily
missingok
copytruncate
rotate 60
compress
notifempty
sharedscripts
postrotate
if [ -f /var/run/lighttpd.pid ]; then \
kill -HUP $(
fi;
endscript
}
Sources

* Lighttpd rotating log files with logrotate tool
* Howto: Lighttpd web server setting up virtual hosting

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lighttpd虚拟主机配置
$HTTP["host"] == “bbs.xxx.com” {
server.name = “bbs.xxx.com”
server.document-root = “/var/www/bbs”
server.errorlog = “/var/www/bbs/error.log”
accesslog.filename = “/var/www/bbs/access.log”
}
else

lighttpd.conf解释

server.use-ipv6 = “disable” # 缺省为禁用
server.event-handler = “linux-sysepoll” # Linux环境下epoll系统调用可提高吞吐量
#server.max-worker = 10 # 如果你的系统资源没跑满，可考虑调高 lighttpd进程数
server.max-fds = 4096 # 默认的，应该够用了，可根据实际情况调整
server.max-connections = 4096 # 默认等于 server.max-fds
server.network-backend = “linux-sendfile”
server.max-keep-alive-requests = 0 # 在一个keep-alive会话终止连接前能接受处理的最大请求数。0为禁止

# 设置要加载的module
server.modules = (
“mod_rewrite”,
“mod_redirect”,
# “mod_alias”,
“mod_access”,
# “mod_cml”,
# “mod_trigger_b4_dl”,
“mod_auth”,
“mod_expire”,
# “mod_status”,
# “mod_setenv”,
“mod_proxy_core”,
“mod_proxy_backend_http”,
“mod_proxy_backend_fastcgi”,
# “mod_proxy_backend_scgi”,
# “mod_proxy_backend_ajp13″,
# “mod_simple_vhost”,
“mod_evhost”,
# “mod_userdir”,
# “mod_cgi”,
“mod_compress”,
# “mod_ssi”,
# “mod_usertrack”,
# “mod_secdownload”,
# “mod_rrdtool”,
“mod_accesslog” )

# 网站根目录
server.document-root = “/var/www/”

# 错误日志位置
server.errorlog = “/var/log/lighttpd/error.log”

# 网站Index
index-file.names = ( “index.php”, “index.html”,
“index.htm”, “default.htm” )

# 访问日志, 以及日志格式 (combined), 使用X-Forwarded-For可越过代理读取真实ip
accesslog.filename = “/var/log/lighttpd/access.log”
accesslog.format = “%{X-Forwarded-For}i %v %u %t \”%r\” %s %b \”%{User-Agent}i\” \”%{Referer}i\”"

# 设置禁止访问的文件扩展名
url.access-deny = ( “~”, “.inc”, “.tpl” )

# 服务监听端口
server.port = 80

# 进程id记录位置
server.pid-file = “/var/run/lighttpd.pid”

# virtual directory listings 如果没有找到index文件就列出目录。建议disable。
dir-listing.activate = “disable”

# 服务运行使用的用户及用户组
server.username = “www”
server.groupname = “www”

# gzip压缩存放的目录以及需要压缩的文件类型
compress.cache-dir = “/tmp/lighttpd/cache/compress/”
compress.filetype = (“text/plain”, “text/html”)

# fastcgi module
# for PHP don’t forget to set cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1 in the php.ini
$HTTP["url"] =~ “\.php$” {
proxy-core.balancer = “round-robin”
proxy-core.allow-x-sendfile = “enable”
# proxy-core.check-local = “enable”
proxy-core.protocol = “fastcgi”
proxy-core.backends = ( “unix:/tmp/php-fastcgi1.sock”,”unix:/tmp/php-fastcgi2.sock” )
proxy-core.max-pool-size = 16
}

# 权限控制
auth.backend = “htpasswd”
auth.backend.htpasswd.userfile = “/var/www/htpasswd.userfile”

# 基于 evhost 的虚拟主机 针对域名
$HTTP["host"] == “a.lostk.com” {
server.document-root = “/var/www/lostk/”
server.errorlog = “/var/log/lighttpd/lostk-error.log”
accesslog.filename = “/var/log/lighttpd/lostk-access.log”

# 设定文件过期时间
expire.url = (
“/css/” => “access 2 hours”,
“/js/” => “access 2 hours”,
)

# url 跳转
url.redirect = (
“^/$” => “/xxx/index.html”,
)

# url 重写 (cakephp可用)
url.rewrite = (
“^/(css|js)/(.*)$” => “/$1/$2″,
“^/([^.]+)$” => “/index.php?url=$1″,
)

# 权限控制
auth.require = ( “” =>
(
“method” => “basic”,
“realm” => “admin only”,
“require” => “user=admin1|user=admin2″ # 允许的用户, 用户列表文件 在上面配置的auth.backend.htpasswd.userfile 里
),
)
}

# 针对端口的虚拟主机
$SERVER["socket"] == “192.168.0.1:8000″ {
server.document-root = “/var/www/xxx/”
server.errorlog = “/var/log/lighttpd/test-error.log”
accesslog.filename = “/var/log/lighttpd/test-access.log”

Nginx配置文件详解 nginx配置说明—————————- #运行用户 user nobody nobody; #启动进程 worker_processes 2; #全局错误日志及PID文件 error_log logs/error.log notice; pid logs/nginx.pid; #工作模式及连接数上限 events { use epoll; worker_connections 1024; } #设定http服务器，利用它的反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持 http { #设定mime类型 include conf/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #设定日志格式 log_format main ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] ‘ ‘”$request” $status $bytes_sent ‘ ‘”$http_referer” “$http_user_agent” [...]]]> Nginx配置文件详解
nginx配置说明—————————-
#运行用户
user nobody nobody;
#启动进程
worker_processes 2;
#全局错误日志及PID文件
error_log logs/error.log notice;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
#工作模式及连接数上限
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 1024;
}
#设定http服务器，利用它的反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持
http {
#设定mime类型
include conf/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#设定日志格式
log_format main ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] ‘
‘”$request” $status $bytes_sent ‘
‘”$http_referer” “$http_user_agent” ‘
‘”$gzip_ratio”‘;
log_format download ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] ‘
‘”$request” $status $bytes_sent ‘
‘”$http_referer” “$http_user_agent” ‘
‘”$http_range” “$sent_http_content_range”‘;
#设定请求缓冲
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;

#开启gzip模块
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1100;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_types text/plain;
output_buffers 1 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
#设定access log
access_log logs/access.log main;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#设定负载均衡的服务器列表
upstream mysvr {
#weigth参数表示权值，权值越高被分配到的几率越大
#本机上的Squid开启3128端口
server 192.168.8.1:3128 weight=5;
server 192.168.8.2:80 weight=1;
server 192.168.8.3:80 weight=6;
}
#设定虚拟主机
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.8.1 www.hahaer.com;
charset gb2312;
#设定本虚拟主机的访问日志
access_log logs/www.hahaer.com.access.log main;
#如果访问 /img/*, /js/*, /css/* 资源，则直接取本地文件，不通过squid
#如果这些文件较多，不推荐这种方式，因为通过squid的缓存效果更好
location ~ ^/(img|js|css)/ {
root /data3/Html;
expires 24h;
}
#对 “/” 启用负载均衡
location / {
proxy_pass http://mysvr;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 90;
proxy_read_timeout 90;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
}
#设定查看Nginx状态的地址
location /NginxStatus {
stub_status on;
access_log on;
auth_basic “NginxStatus”;
auth_basic_user_file conf/htpasswd;
}
}
}
备注：conf/htpasswd 文件的内容用 apache 提供的 htpasswd 工具来产生即可，内容大致如下：
3.) 查看 Nginx 运行状态
输入地址 http://192.168.8.1/NginxStatus/，输入验证帐号密码，即可看到类似如下内容：
Active connections: 328
server accepts handled requests
9309 8982 28890
Reading: 1 Writing: 3 Waiting: 324

第一行表示目前活跃的连接数
第三行的第三个数字表示Nginx运行到当前时间接受到的总请求数，如果快达到了上限，就需要加大上限值。
第四行是Nginx的队列状态

fetch ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBS … Latest/lighttpd.tgz tar -zxvf lighttpd.tgz cd lighttpd ./configure –prefix=/home/tiger/evan/lighttpd –with-pcre –with-gdbm –with-memcache make make install 安装PHP tar -zxvf php-5.0.4.tgz cd php-5.0.4 ./configure –prefix=/home/tiger/evan/php5-fastcgi –enable-fastcgi –without-pear –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –enable-discard-path –enable-force-cgi-redirect -with-iconv ./configure –prefix=/home/tiger/evan/php5-fastcgi –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –enable-gd-native-ttf –with-gd –enable-ftp –with-iconv –with-gettext –enable-fastcgi –enable-zend-multibyte –without-pear –enable-force-cgi-redirect –enable-discard-path Make Make test Make clean Make install

配置Lighttpd vi lighttpd.confserver.port=5678 server.modules=(“mod_access”,”mod_fastcgi”,”mod_accesslog”) server.document-root=”/home/tiger/evan/lighttpd/htdocs” server.pid-file=”/home/tiger/evan//lighttpd/lighttpd.pid” server.errorlog=”/home/tiger/evan//lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log” server.indexfiles=(“index.php”,”index.html”) fastcgi.server=(“.php”=>(“localhost”=>(“socket” =>”/tmp/php-fastcgi.socket”,”bin-path” =>”/home/tiger/evan/php5-fastcgi/bin/php”)))

启动Lighttpd /home/tiger/evan/lighttpd/sbin/lighttpd -f /home/tiger/evan/lighttpd/conf/lighttpd.conf

安装环境: Linux Fedora Core 3 上安装 php-5.2.0

在安装 PHP 到系统中时要是发生「undefined reference to [...]]]> 早前。网站要迁移。要从apache+php环境迁移到Lighttpd +php环境，如下为lighttpd+php环境搭建文档笔记。有点乱。有空再详细整理。

fetch ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBS … Latest/lighttpd.tgz
tar -zxvf lighttpd.tgz
cd lighttpd
./configure –prefix=/home/tiger/evan/lighttpd –with-pcre –with-gdbm –with-memcache make
make install
安装PHP
tar -zxvf php-5.0.4.tgz
cd php-5.0.4
./configure –prefix=/home/tiger/evan/php5-fastcgi –enable-fastcgi –without-pear –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –enable-discard-path –enable-force-cgi-redirect -with-iconv
./configure –prefix=/home/tiger/evan/php5-fastcgi –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –enable-gd-native-ttf –with-gd –enable-ftp –with-iconv –with-gettext –enable-fastcgi –enable-zend-multibyte –without-pear –enable-force-cgi-redirect –enable-discard-path
Make
Make test
Make clean
Make install

配置Lighttpd
vi lighttpd.confserver.port=5678
server.modules=(“mod_access”,”mod_fastcgi”,”mod_accesslog”)
server.document-root=”/home/tiger/evan/lighttpd/htdocs”
server.pid-file=”/home/tiger/evan//lighttpd/lighttpd.pid”
server.errorlog=”/home/tiger/evan//lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log”
server.indexfiles=(“index.php”,”index.html”)
fastcgi.server=(“.php”=>(“localhost”=>(“socket” =>”/tmp/php-fastcgi.socket”,”bin-path”
=>”/home/tiger/evan/php5-fastcgi/bin/php”)))

启动Lighttpd
/home/tiger/evan/lighttpd/sbin/lighttpd -f /home/tiger/evan/lighttpd/conf/lighttpd.conf

安装环境: Linux Fedora Core 3 上安装 php-5.2.0

在安装 PHP 到系统中时要是发生「undefined reference to `libiconv_open’」之类的错误讯息，那表示在「./configure 」没抓好一些环境变量值。错误发生点在建立「-o sapi/cli/php」时出错，没给到要 link 的 iconv 函式库参数。

快速的解法是：
编辑 Makefile 大约 70 行左右的地方:

EXTRA_LIBS = ….. -lcrypt

在最后加上 -liconv，例如:

EXTRA_LIBS = ….. -lcrypt -liconv

然后重新再次 make 即可。
________________________________________

如果要安装 iconv 函式库的话：
其首页是: http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
下载点是: http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.9.2.tar.gz

安装步骤:

# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local
# make
# make install

________________________________________

make 时的错误讯息范例：

[jjdai@zhupiter php-5.2.0]$ make
/bin/sh /home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/libtool –silent –preserve-dup-deps –mode=link gcc -export-dynamic -I/usr/local/include -g -O2 -L/usr/kerberos/lib -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/lib/mysql -R /usr/kerberos/lib -R /usr/local/lib -R /usr/lib/mysql ext/libxml/libxml.lo ext/openssl/openssl.lo ext/openssl/xp_ssl.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_chartables.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_ucp_searchfuncs.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_compile.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_config.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_exec.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_fullinfo.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_get.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_globals.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_info.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_maketables.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_ord2utf8.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_refcount.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_study.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_tables.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_try_flipped.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_valid_utf8.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_version.lo ext/pcre/pcrelib/pcre_xclass.lo ext/pcre/php_pcre.lo ext/zlib/zlib.lo ext/zlib/zlib_fopen_wrapper.lo ext/zlib/zlib_filter.lo ext/bz2/bz2.lo ext/bz2/bz2_filter.lo ext/ctype/ctype.lo ext/curl/interface.lo ext/curl/multi.lo ext/curl/streams.lo ext/date/php_date.lo ext/date/lib/astro.lo ext/date/lib/dow.lo ext/date/lib/parse_date.lo ext/date/lib/parse_tz.lo ext/date/lib/timelib.lo ext/date/lib/tm2unixtime.lo ext/date/lib/unixtime2tm.lo ext/dom/php_dom.lo ext/dom/attr.lo ext/dom/document.lo ext/dom/domerrorhandler.lo ext/dom/domstringlist.lo ext/dom/domexception.lo ext/dom/namelist.lo ext/dom/processinginstruction.lo ext/dom/cdatasection.lo ext/dom/documentfragment.lo ext/dom/domimplementation.lo ext/dom/element.lo ext/dom/node.lo ext/dom/string_extend.lo ext/dom/characterdata.lo ext/dom/documenttype.lo ext/dom/domimplementationlist.lo ext/dom/entity.lo ext/dom/nodelist.lo ext/dom/text.lo ext/dom/comment.lo ext/dom/domconfiguration.lo ext/dom/domimplementationsource.lo ext/dom/entityreference.lo ext/dom/notation.lo ext/dom/xpath.lo ext/dom/dom_iterators.lo ext/dom/typeinfo.lo ext/dom/domerror.lo ext/dom/domlocator.lo ext/dom/namednodemap.lo ext/dom/userdatahandler.lo ext/filter/filter.lo ext/filter/sanitizing_filters.lo ext/filter/logical_filters.lo ext/filter/callback_filter.lo ext/gd/gd.lo ext/gd/gdttf.lo ext/gd/libgd/gd.lo ext/gd/libgd/gd_gd.lo ext/gd/libgd/gd_gd2.lo ext/gd/libgd/gd_io.lo ext/gd/libgd/gd_io_dp.lo ext/gd/libgd/gd_io_file.lo ext/gd/libgd/gd_ss.lo ext/gd/libgd/gd_io_ss.lo ext/gd/libgd/gd_png.lo ext/gd/libgd/gd_jpeg.lo ext/gd/libgd/gdxpm.lo ext/gd/libgd/gdfontt.lo ext/gd/libgd/gdfonts.lo ext/gd/libgd/gdfontmb.lo ext/gd/libgd/gdfontl.lo ext/gd/libgd/gdfontg.lo ext/gd/libgd/gdtables.lo ext/gd/libgd/gdft.lo ext/gd/libgd/gdcache.lo ext/gd/libgd/gdkanji.lo ext/gd/libgd/wbmp.lo ext/gd/libgd/gd_wbmp.lo ext/gd/libgd/gdhelpers.lo ext/gd/libgd/gd_topal.lo ext/gd/libgd/gd_gif_in.lo ext/gd/libgd/xbm.lo ext/gd/libgd/gd_gif_out.lo ext/hash/hash.lo ext/hash/hash_md.lo ext/hash/hash_sha.lo ext/hash/hash_ripemd.lo ext/hash/hash_haval.lo ext/hash/hash_tiger.lo ext/hash/hash_gost.lo ext/hash/hash_snefru.lo ext/hash/hash_whirlpool.lo ext/hash/hash_adler32.lo ext/hash/hash_crc32.lo ext/iconv/iconv.lo ext/json/json.lo ext/json/utf8_to_utf16.lo ext/json/utf8_decode.lo ext/json/JSON_parser.lo ext/mysql/php_mysql.lo ext/pdo/pdo.lo ext/pdo/pdo_dbh.lo ext/pdo/pdo_stmt.lo ext/pdo/pdo_sql_parser.lo ext/pdo/pdo_sqlstate.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/pdo_sqlite.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite_driver.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite_statement.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/attach.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/auth.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/btree.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/build.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/callback.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/date.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/delete.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/expr.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/func.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/hash.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/insert.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/legacy.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/main.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/os_unix.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/os_win.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/os.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/pager.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/pragma.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/prepare.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/printf.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/random.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/select.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/table.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/tokenize.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/analyze.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/complete.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/trigger.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/update.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/utf.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/util.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/vacuum.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/vdbeapi.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/vdbeaux.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/vdbe.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/vdbemem.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/where.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/parse.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/opcodes.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/alter.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/vdbefifo.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/vtab.lo ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/loadext.lo ext/posix/posix.lo ext/reflection/php_reflection.lo ext/session/session.lo ext/session/mod_files.lo ext/session/mod_mm.lo ext/session/mod_user.lo ext/simplexml/simplexml.lo ext/spl/php_spl.lo ext/spl/spl_functions.lo ext/spl/spl_engine.lo ext/spl/spl_iterators.lo ext/spl/spl_array.lo ext/spl/spl_directory.lo ext/spl/spl_sxe.lo ext/spl/spl_exceptions.lo ext/spl/spl_observer.lo ext/sqlite/sqlite.lo ext/sqlite/sess_sqlite.lo ext/sqlite/pdo_sqlite2.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/opcodes.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/parse.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/encode.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/auth.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/btree.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/build.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/delete.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/expr.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/func.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/hash.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/insert.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/main.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/os.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/pager.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/printf.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/random.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/select.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/table.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/tokenize.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/update.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/util.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/vdbe.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/attach.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/btree_rb.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/pragma.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/vacuum.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/copy.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/vdbeaux.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/date.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/where.lo ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/trigger.lo regex/regcomp.lo regex/regexec.lo regex/regerror.lo regex/regfree.lo ext/standard/array.lo ext/standard/base64.lo ext/standard/basic_functions.lo ext/standard/browscap.lo ext/standard/crc32.lo ext/standard/crypt.lo ext/standard/cyr_convert.lo ext/standard/datetime.lo ext/standard/dir.lo ext/standard/dl.lo ext/standard/dns.lo ext/standard/exec.lo ext/standard/file.lo ext/standard/filestat.lo ext/standard/flock_compat.lo ext/standard/formatted_print.lo ext/standard/fsock.lo ext/standard/head.lo ext/standard/html.lo ext/standard/image.lo ext/standard/info.lo ext/standard/iptc.lo ext/standard/lcg.lo ext/standard/link.lo ext/standard/mail.lo ext/standard/math.lo ext/standard/md5.lo ext/standard/metaphone.lo ext/standard/microtime.lo ext/standard/pack.lo ext/standard/pageinfo.lo ext/standard/quot_print.lo ext/standard/rand.lo ext/standard/reg.lo ext/standard/soundex.lo ext/standard/string.lo ext/standard/scanf.lo ext/standard/syslog.lo ext/standard/type.lo ext/standard/uniqid.lo ext/standard/url.lo ext/standard/url_scanner.lo ext/standard/var.lo ext/standard/versioning.lo ext/standard/assert.lo ext/standard/strnatcmp.lo ext/standard/levenshtein.lo ext/standard/incomplete_class.lo ext/standard/url_scanner_ex.lo ext/standard/ftp_fopen_wrapper.lo ext/standard/http_fopen_wrapper.lo ext/standard/php_fopen_wrapper.lo ext/standard/credits.lo ext/standard/css.lo ext/standard/var_unserializer.lo ext/standard/ftok.lo ext/standard/sha1.lo ext/standard/user_filters.lo ext/standard/uuencode.lo ext/standard/filters.lo ext/standard/proc_open.lo ext/standard/streamsfuncs.lo ext/standard/http.lo ext/tokenizer/tokenizer.lo ext/xml/xml.lo ext/xml/compat.lo ext/xmlreader/php_xmlreader.lo ext/xmlwriter/php_xmlwriter.lo TSRM/TSRM.lo TSRM/tsrm_strtok_r.lo TSRM/tsrm_virtual_cwd.lo main/main.lo main/snprintf.lo main/spprintf.lo main/php_sprintf.lo main/safe_mode.lo main/fopen_wrappers.lo main/alloca.lo main/php_scandir.lo main/php_ini.lo main/SAPI.lo main/rfc1867.lo main/php_content_types.lo main/strlcpy.lo main/strlcat.lo main/mergesort.lo main/reentrancy.lo main/php_variables.lo main/php_ticks.lo main/network.lo main/php_open_temporary_file.lo main/php_logos.lo main/output.lo main/streams/streams.lo main/streams/cast.lo main/streams/memory.lo main/streams/filter.lo main/streams/plain_wrapper.lo main/streams/userspace.lo main/streams/transports.lo main/streams/xp_socket.lo main/streams/mmap.lo Zend/zend_language_parser.lo Zend/zend_language_scanner.lo Zend/zend_ini_parser.lo Zend/zend_ini_scanner.lo Zend/zend_alloc.lo Zend/zend_compile.lo Zend/zend_constants.lo Zend/zend_dynamic_array.lo Zend/zend_execute_API.lo Zend/zend_highlight.lo Zend/zend_llist.lo Zend/zend_opcode.lo Zend/zend_operators.lo Zend/zend_ptr_stack.lo Zend/zend_stack.lo Zend/zend_variables.lo Zend/zend.lo Zend/zend_API.lo Zend/zend_extensions.lo Zend/zend_hash.lo Zend/zend_list.lo Zend/zend_indent.lo Zend/zend_builtin_functions.lo Zend/zend_sprintf.lo Zend/zend_ini.lo Zend/zend_qsort.lo Zend/zend_multibyte.lo Zend/zend_ts_hash.lo Zend/zend_stream.lo Zend/zend_iterators.lo Zend/zend_interfaces.lo Zend/zend_exceptions.lo Zend/zend_strtod.lo Zend/zend_objects.lo Zend/zend_object_handlers.lo Zend/zend_objects_API.lo Zend/zend_mm.lo Zend/zend_default_classes.lo Zend/zend_execute.lo sapi/cli/php_cli.lo sapi/cli/php_cli_readline.lo sapi/cli/getopt.lo main/internal_functions_cli.lo -lcrypt -lcrypt -lrt -lmysqlclient -lt1 -lpng -lz -ljpeg -lcurl -lbz2 -lz -lresolv -lm -ldl -lnsl -lxml2 -lz -lm -lssl -lcrypto -lgssapi_krb5 -lkrb5 -lcom_err -lk5crypto -lresolv -ldl -lz -lcurl -lssl -lcrypto -lgssapi_krb5 -lkrb5 -lcom_err -lk5crypto -lresolv -ldl -lz -lgssapi_krb5 -lkrb5 -lk5crypto -lcom_err -lresolv -lidn -lssl -lcrypto -lssl -lcrypto -lgssapi_krb5 -lkrb5 -lcom_err -lk5crypto -lresolv -ldl -lz -lz -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt -o sapi/cli/php
ext/gd/libgd/.libs/gdkanji.o(.text+0x5b): In function `do_convert’:
/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/gd/libgd/gdkanji.c:350: undefined reference to `libiconv_open’
ext/gd/libgd/.libs/gdkanji.o(.text+0xa1):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/gd/libgd/gdkanji.c:365: undefined reference to `libiconv’
ext/gd/libgd/.libs/gdkanji.o(.text+0xb0):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/gd/libgd/gdkanji.c:381: undefined reference to `libiconv_close’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0×155): In function `_php_iconv_appendl’:
/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:335: undefined reference to `libiconv’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0×219):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:372: undefined reference to `libiconv’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x2b0): In function `php_iconv_string’:
/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:428: undefined reference to `libiconv_open’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x2e8):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:437: undefined reference to `libiconv’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0×309):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:450: undefined reference to `libiconv’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x32c):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:461: undefined reference to `libiconv_close’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x37d): In function `_php_iconv_strlen’:
/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:586: undefined reference to `libiconv_open’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x3d8):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:609: undefined reference to `libiconv’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0×402):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:643: undefined reference to `libiconv_close’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x47e): In function `_php_iconv_strpos’:
/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:828: undefined reference to `libiconv_open’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x4e4):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:853: undefined reference to `libiconv’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0×574):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:967: undefined reference to `libiconv_close’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x6fd): In function `_php_iconv_mime_decode’:
/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1328: undefined reference to `libiconv_open’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x7a9):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1797: undefined reference to `libiconv_close’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x7bd):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1800: undefined reference to `libiconv_close’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0xa67):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1439: undefined reference to `libiconv_close’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0xa79):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1442: undefined reference to `libiconv_open’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0×1025): In function `zif_iconv_substr’:
/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:699: undefined reference to `libiconv_open’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x10c1):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:722: undefined reference to `libiconv’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0×1108):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:779: undefined reference to `libiconv_close’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x111d):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:783: undefined reference to `libiconv_close’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x123e):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:730: undefined reference to `libiconv_open’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0×1738): In function `zif_iconv_mime_encode’:
/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1017: undefined reference to `libiconv_open’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0×1756):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1031: undefined reference to `libiconv_open’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0×1993):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1290: undefined reference to `libiconv_close’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x19ad):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1293: undefined reference to `libiconv_close’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x1b01):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1102: undefined reference to `libiconv’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x1b33):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1134: undefined reference to `libiconv’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x1b5e):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1150: undefined reference to `libiconv’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x1e10):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1202: undefined reference to `libiconv’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x1e3c):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1233: undefined reference to `libiconv’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x207f):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1277: more undefined references to `libiconv’ follow
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x2c08): In function `php_iconv_stream_filter_dtor’:
/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:2393: undefined reference to `libiconv_close’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x2cf2): In function `php_iconv_stream_filter_append_bucket’:
/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:2543: undefined reference to `libiconv’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x2d34):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:2543: undefined reference to `libiconv’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x2de7):/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:2465: undefined reference to `libiconv’
ext/iconv/.libs/iconv.o(.text+0x30e2): In function `php_iconv_stream_filter_factory_create’:
/home/jjdai/work/zhupiter/php-5.2.0/ext/iconv/iconv.c:2419: undefined reference to `libiconv_open’
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [sapi/cli/php] Error 1
[错误]error while loading shared libraries: libiconv.so.2:
Tags:error Posted in webserver:-)抢沙发
error while loading shared libraries: libiconv.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
安装好apache后apache无法启动
问题是找不到共享库，查看apache的出错文件，查找的位置是/usr/lib，但实际上find / -name libiconv.so.2是可以找到了，位置在/usr/local/lib/
只要加一个链接就行
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/lib/libiconv.so.2
其它有关库类找不着的都应该可以查看一下是否默认库的位置和实际位置不符

Php5.2.9下面安装pear
访问 http://pear.php.net/go-pear 将这个页面的内容全选，复制 并保存成一个go-pear.php文件，然后将这个文件放到某个目录下面，然后 php –q go-pear.php 然后，按照提示进行安装。
/home/tiger/evan/php5-fastcgi/bin/php -q go-pear.php

./configure –help

进行查看:

# ./configure –help –help this message –prefix=PATH [...]]]> 源代码解压后即可输入

./configure –help

进行查看:

# ./configure –help
–help this message
–prefix=PATH set the installation prefix
–sbin-path=PATH set path to the nginx binary file
–conf-path=PATH set path to the nginx.conf file
–error-log-path=PATH set path to the error log
–pid-path=PATH set path to nginx.pid file
–lock-path=PATH set path to nginx.lock file
–user=USER set non-privilege user
for the worker processes
–group=GROUP set non-privilege group
for the worker processes
–builddir=DIR set the build directory

–with-rtsig_module enable rtsig module
–with-select_module enable select module
–without-select_module disable select module
–with-poll_module enable poll module
–without-poll_module disable poll module
–with-http_ssl_module enable ngx_http_ssl_module
–with-http_realip_module enable ngx_http_realip_module
–with-http_addition_module enable ngx_http_addition_module
–with-http_xslt_module enable ngx_http_xslt_module
–with-http_sub_module enable ngx_http_sub_module
–with-http_dav_module enable ngx_http_dav_module
–with-http_flv_module enable ngx_http_flv_module
–with-http_gzip_static_module enable ngx_http_gzip_static_module
–with-http_random_index_module enable ngx_http_random_index_module
–with-http_stub_status_module enable ngx_http_stub_status_module
–without-http_charset_module disable ngx_http_charset_module
–without-http_gzip_module disable ngx_http_gzip_module
–without-http_ssi_module disable ngx_http_ssi_module
–without-http_userid_module disable ngx_http_userid_module
–without-http_access_module disable ngx_http_access_module
–without-http_auth_basic_module disable ngx_http_auth_basic_module
–without-http_autoindex_module disable ngx_http_autoindex_module
–without-http_geo_module disable ngx_http_geo_module
–without-http_map_module disable ngx_http_map_module
–without-http_referer_module disable ngx_http_referer_module
–without-http_rewrite_module disable ngx_http_rewrite_module
–without-http_proxy_module disable ngx_http_proxy_module
–without-http_fastcgi_module disable ngx_http_fastcgi_module
–without-http_memcached_module disable ngx_http_memcached_module
–without-http_limit_zone_module disable ngx_http_limit_zone_module
–without-http_empty_gif_module disable ngx_http_empty_gif_module
–without-http_browser_module disable ngx_http_browser_module
–without-http_upstream_ip_hash_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module
–with-http_perl_module enable ngx_http_perl_module
–with-perl_modules_path=PATH set path to the perl modules
–with-perl=PATH set path to the perl binary
–http-log-path=PATH set path to the http access log
–http-client-body-temp-path=PATH set path to the http client request body
temporary files
–http-proxy-temp-path=PATH set path to the http proxy temporary files
–http-fastcgi-temp-path=PATH set path to the http fastcgi temporary
files
–without-http disable HTTP server
–with-mail enable POP3/IMAP4/SMTP proxy module
–with-mail_ssl_module enable ngx_mail_ssl_module
–without-mail_pop3_module disable ngx_mail_pop3_module
–without-mail_imap_module disable ngx_mail_imap_module
–without-mail_smtp_module disable ngx_mail_smtp_module
–with-google_perftools_module enable ngx_google_perftools_module
–with-cpp_test_module enable ngx_cpp_test_module
–add-module=PATH enable an external module
–with-cc=PATH set path to C compiler
–with-cpp=PATH set path to C preprocessor
–with-cc-opt=OPTIONS set additional options for C compiler
–with-ld-opt=OPTIONS set additional options for linker
–with-cpu-opt=CPU build for specified CPU, the valid values:
pentium, pentiumpro, pentium3, pentium4,
athlon, opteron, sparc32, sparc64, ppc64
–without-pcre disable PCRE libarary usage

–with-pcre=DIR set path to PCRE library sources
–with-pcre-opt=OPTIONS set additional options for PCRE building
–with-md5=DIR set path to md5 library sources
–with-md5-opt=OPTIONS set additional options for md5 building
–with-md5-asm use md5 assembler sources
–with-sha1=DIR set path to sha1 library sources
–with-sha1-opt=OPTIONS set additional options for sha1 building
–with-sha1-asm use sha1 assembler sources
–with-zlib=DIR set path to zlib library sources
–with-zlib-opt=OPTIONS set additional options for zlib building
–with-zlib-asm=CPU use zlib assembler sources optimized
for specified CPU, the valid values:
pentium, pentiumpro
–with-openssl=DIR set path to OpenSSL library sources
–with-openssl-opt=OPTIONS set additional options for OpenSSL building
–with-debug enable the debugging logging

下面是对应的中文翻译:

# ./configure –help
–help 显示本提示信息
–prefix=PATH 设定安装目录
–sbin-path=PATH 设定程序文件目录
–conf-path=PATH 设定配置文件(nginx.conf)目录
–error-log-path=PATH 设定错误日志目录
–pid-path=PATH 设定pid文件(nginx.pid)目录
–lock-path=PATH 设定lock文件(nginx.lock)目录
–user=USER 设定程序运行的用户环境(www)
–group=GROUP 设定程序运行的组环境(www)
–builddir=DIR 设定程序编译目录
–with-rtsig_module 允许rtsig模块
–with-select_module 允许select模块(一种轮询模式,不推荐用在高载环境)
–without-select_module 不使用select模块
–with-poll_module 允许poll模块(一种轮询模式,不推荐用在高载环境)
–without-poll_module 不使用poll模块
–with-http_ssl_module 允许ngx_http_ssl_module模块(Apache对应:mod_ssl)
–with-http_realip_module 允许ngx_http_realip_module模块(mod_rpaf)
–with-http_addition_module 允许ngx_http_addition_module模块(mod_layout)
–with-http_xslt_module 允许ngx_http_xslt_module模块
–with-http_sub_module 允许ngx_http_sub_module模块
–with-http_dav_module 允许ngx_http_dav_module模块(mod_dav)
–with-http_flv_module 允许ngx_http_flv_module模块(mod_flvx)
–with-http_gzip_static_module 允许ngx_http_gzip_static_module模块(mod_dflate)
–with-http_random_index_module 允许ngx_http_random_index_module模块(mod_autoindex)
–with-http_stub_status_module 允许ngx_http_stub_status_module模块(mod_status)
–without-http_charset_module 不使用ngx_http_charset_module模块
–without-http_gzip_module 不使用ngx_http_gzip_module模块
–without-http_ssi_module 不使用ngx_http_ssi_module模块
–without-http_userid_module 不使用ngx_http_userid_module模块
–without-http_access_module 不使用ngx_http_access_module模块
–without-http_auth_basic_module 不使用ngx_http_auth_basic_module模块
–without-http_autoindex_module 不使用ngx_http_autoindex_module模块
–without-http_geo_module 不使用ngx_http_geo_module模块
–without-http_map_module 不使用ngx_http_map_module模块
–without-http_referer_module 不使用ngx_http_referer_module模块
–without-http_rewrite_module 不使用ngx_http_rewrite_module模块
–without-http_proxy_module 不使用ngx_http_proxy_module模块
–without-http_fastcgi_module 不使用ngx_http_fastcgi_module模块
–without-http_memcached_module 不使用ngx_http_memcached_module模块
–without-http_limit_zone_module 不使用ngx_http_limit_zone_module模块
–without-http_empty_gif_module 不使用ngx_http_empty_gif_module模块
–without-http_browser_module 不使用ngx_http_browser_module模块
–without-http_upstream_ip_hash_module
不使用ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module模块
–with-http_perl_module 允许ngx_http_perl_module模块
–with-perl_modules_path=PATH 设置perl模块路径
–with-perl=PATH 设置perl库文件路径
–http-log-path=PATH 设置access log文件路径
–http-client-body-temp-path=PATH 设置客户端请求临时文件路径
–http-proxy-temp-path=PATH 设置http proxy临时文件路径
–http-fastcgi-temp-path=PATH 设置http fastcgi临时文件路径
–without-http 不使用HTTP server功能
–with-mail 允许POP3/IMAP4/SMTP代理模块
–with-mail_ssl_module 允许ngx_mail_ssl_module模块
–without-mail_pop3_module 不允许ngx_mail_pop3_module模块
–without-mail_imap_module 不允许ngx_mail_imap_module模块
–without-mail_smtp_module 不允许ngx_mail_smtp_module模块
–with-google_perftools_module 允许ngx_google_perftools_module模块(调试用)
–with-cpp_test_module 允许ngx_cpp_test_module模块
–add-module=PATH 允许使用外部模块,以及路径
–with-cc=PATH 设置C编译器路径
–with-cpp=PATH 设置C预处理路径
–with-cc-opt=OPTIONS 设置C编译器参数
–with-ld-opt=OPTIONS 设置连接文件参数
–with-cpu-opt=CPU 为指定CPU优化,可选参数有:
pentium, pentiumpro, pentium3, pentium4,
athlon, opteron, sparc32, sparc64, ppc64
–without-pcre 不使用pcre库文件
–with-pcre=DIR 设定PCRE库路径
–with-pcre-opt=OPTIONS 设置PCRE运行参数
–with-md5=DIR 设定md5库文件路径
–with-md5-opt=OPTIONS 设置md5运行参数
–with-md5-asm 使用md5源文件编译
–with-sha1=DIR 设定sha1库文件路径
–with-sha1-opt=OPTIONS 设置sha1运行参数
–with-sha1-asm 使用sha1源文件编译
–with-zlib=DIR 设定zlib库文件路径
–with-zlib-opt=OPTIONS 设置zlib运行参数
–with-zlib-asm=CPU 使zlib对特定的CPU进行优化,可选参数:
pentium, pentiumpro
–with-openssl=DIR 设定OpenSSL库文件路径
–with-openssl-opt=OPTIONS 设置OpenSSL运行参数
–with-debug 允许调试日志

介绍一个Nginx外部模块:

ngx_http_accesskey_module
封堵下载软件的好东东,只有远程IP地址符合加密字串的才被允许访问.示例如下:
location /download {
accesskey on;
accesskey_hashmethod md5;
accesskey_arg “key”;
accesskey_signature “mypass$remote_addr”;
}
模块地址:

http://wiki.codemongers.com/NginxHttpAccessKeyModule

其它更多外部模块请访问:

http://wiki.codemongers.com/NginxModules

在OpenBSD环境下安装Nginx需要注意下,在./configure之后还需要修改一下源文件，否则后面make过不去:

vi +74 src/os/unix/ngx_posix_config.h

将这行的malloc.h改成stdlib.h,保存退出.

然后再执行make && make install即可!

Lighttpd, doesn’t suffer from memory leak over time. You can then use all the memory left to

unleash the power of mysql for instance by increasing the default query cache.

Step1 安装必备软件 MySQL+PHP+Pcre cd /usr/ports/database/mysql50-server && make install clean cd /usr/lang/php5/ && make install [...]]]> What for? Nginx is a great replacement of Apache with very low memory footprint and contrary to

Lighttpd, doesn’t suffer from memory leak over time. You can then use all the memory left to

unleash the power of mysql for instance by increasing the default query cache.

Step1 安装必备软件
MySQL+PHP+Pcre
cd /usr/ports/database/mysql50-server && make install clean
cd /usr/lang/php5/ && make install clean
cd /usr/devel/pcre && make install clean

Step2 安装FastCgi(借用lighttpd的spawn-cgi)
wget http://www.lighttpd.net/download/lighttpd-1.4.18.tar.bz2
tar -xvjf lighttpd-1.4.18.tar.bz2 cd lighttpd-1.4.18
cd lighttpd-1.4.18
./configure
make
cp src/spawn-fcgi /usr/bin/spawn-fcgi

vi /usr/bin/php-fastcgi
#!/bin/sh

/usr/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9000 -u www -f /usr/local/bin/php-cgi
chmod 755 /usr/bin/php-fastcgi

vi /etc/rc.d/init-fastcgi
#!/bin/bash

PHP_SCRIPT=/usr/bin/php-fastcgi
RETVAL=0
case “$1″ in
start)
$PHP_SCRIPT
RETVAL=$?
;;
stop)
killall -9 php
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
killall -9 php
$PHP_SCRIPT
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo “Usage: php-fastcgi {start|stop|restart}”
exit 1
;;
esac
exit $RETVAL
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init-fastcgi

Step3 安装Nginx(本文用目前稳定版)
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.5.32.tar.gz
tar xvzf nginx-0.5.32.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.5.32
./configure (默认安装在/usr/local/nginx)
make && make install

Step4 配置Nginx (主要修改)
cp conf/fastcgi_params /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params
location / {
root /var/www/wordpress; (此处就是你的web根目录)
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
location ~ .*\.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/wordpress$fastcgi_script_name;
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params;
}

Step5 启动
/etc/rc.d/init-fastcgi start
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 效果如下：

Nginx 简介

Nginx (“engine x”) 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和 反向代理 服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过两年半了。 [...]]]> 本文主要介绍如何在 Linux 系统上安装高性能的 HTTP 服务器 —— Nginx、并在不改变原有网站结构的条件下用 Nginx 来提升网站的访问速度。

Nginx 简介

Nginx (“engine x”) 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和 反向代理 服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过两年半了。 Igor 将源代码以类 BSD 许可证的形式发布。尽管还是测试版，但是，Nginx 已经因为它的稳定性、丰富的功能集、示例配置文件和低系统资源的消耗而闻名了。

根据最新一期（08 年 6 月份）的 NetCraft 调查报告显示，已经有超过两百万的主机使用了 Nginx，这个数字超过了另外一个轻量级的 HTTP 服务器 lighttpd， 排名第四，并且发展迅速。下面是这份报告的前几名的报表：

关于这期调查报告的更详细信息请看下面链接：

http://survey.netcraft.com/Reports/200806/

下图是最近几个月使用 Nginx 和 lighttpd 的网站数比较

图 1. 最近几个月使用 Nginx 和 lighttpd 的网站数比较
 

使用 Nginx 前必须了解的事项

1. 目前官方 Nginx 并不支持 Windows，您只能在包括 Linux、UNIX、BSD 系统下安装和使用；
2. Nginx 本身只是一个 HTTP 和反向代理服务器，它无法像 Apache 一样通过安装各种模块来支持不同的页面脚本，例如 PHP、CGI 等；
3. Nginx 支持简单的负载均衡和容错；
4. 支持作为基本 HTTP 服务器的功能，例如日志、压缩、Byte ranges、Chunked responses、SSL、虚拟主机等等，应有尽有。

在 Linux 下安装 Nginx

为了确保能在 Nginx 中使用正则表达式进行更灵活的配置，安装之前需要确定系统是否安装有 PCRE（Perl Compatible Regular Expressions）包。您可以到ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/ 下载最新的 PCRE 源码包，使用下面命令下载编译和安装 PCRE 包：

接下来安装 Nginx，Nginx 一般有两个版本，分别是稳定版和开发版，您可以根据您的目的来选择这两个版本的其中一个，下面是把 Nginx 安装到 /opt/nginx 目录下的详细步骤：

其中参数 –with-http_stub_status_module 是为了启用 nginx 的 NginxStatus 功能，用来监控 Nginx 的当前状态。

安装成功后 /opt/nginx 目录下有四个子目录分别是：conf、html、logs、sbin 。其中 Nginx 的配置文件存放于 conf/nginx.conf，Nginx 只有一个程序文件位于 sbin 目录下的 nginx 文件。确保系统的 80 端口没被其他程序占用，运行 sbin/nginx 命令来启动 Nginx，打开浏览器访问此机器的 IP，如果浏览器出现 Welcome to nginx! 则表示 Nginx 已经安装并运行成功。

常用的 Nginx 参数和控制

程序运行参数

Nginx 安装后只有一个程序文件，本身并不提供各种管理程序，它是使用参数和系统信号机制对 Nginx 进程本身进行控制的。 Nginx 的参数包括有如下几个：

-c <path_to_config>：使用指定的配置文件而不是 conf 目录下的 nginx.conf 。

-t：测试配置文件是否正确，在运行时需要重新加载配置的时候，此命令非常重要，用来检测所修改的配置文件是否有语法错误。

-v：显示 nginx 版本号。

-V：显示 nginx 的版本号以及编译环境信息以及编译时的参数。

例如我们要测试某个配置文件是否书写正确，我们可以使用以下命令

通过信号对 Nginx 进行控制

Nginx 支持下表中的信号：

有两种方式来通过这些信号去控制 Nginx，第一是通过 logs 目录下的 nginx.pid 查看当前运行的 Nginx 的进程 ID，通过 kill – XXX <pid> 来控制 Nginx，其中 XXX 就是上表中列出的信号名。如果您的系统中只有一个 Nginx 进程，那您也可以通过 killall 命令来完成，例如运行 killall – s HUP nginx 来让 Nginx 重新加载配置。

配置 Nginx

先来看一个实际的配置文件：

Nginx 监控

上面是一个实际网站的配置实例，其中灰色文字为配置说明。上述配置中，首先我们定义了一个 location ~ ^/NginxStatus/，这样通过 http://localhost/NginxStatus/ 就可以监控到 Nginx 的运行信息，显示的内容如下：

NginxStatus 显示的内容意思如下：

·                                 active connections – 当前 Nginx 正处理的活动连接数。

·                                 server accepts handled requests — 总共处理了 14553819 个连接 , 成功创建 14553819 次握手 ( 证明中间没有失败的 ), 总共处理了 19239266 个请求 ( 平均每次握手处理了 1.3 个数据请求 )。

·                                 reading — nginx 读取到客户端的 Header 信息数。

·                                 writing — nginx 返回给客户端的 Header 信息数。

·                                 waiting — 开启 keep-alive 的情况下，这个值等于 active – (reading + writing)，意思就是 Nginx 已经处理完正在等候下一次请求指令的驻留连接。

静态文件处理

通过正则表达式，我们可让 Nginx 识别出各种静态文件，例如 images 路径下的所有请求可以写为：

而下面的配置则定义了几种文件类型的请求处理方式。

对于例如图片、静态 HTML 文件、js 脚本文件和 css 样式文件等，我们希望 Nginx 直接处理并返回给浏览器，这样可以大大的加快网页浏览时的速度。因此对于这类文件我们需要通过 root 指令来指定文件的存放路径，同时因为这类文件并不常修改，通过 expires 指令来控制其在浏览器的缓存，以减少不必要的请求。expires 指令可以控制 HTTP 应答中的“ Expires ”和“ Cache-Control ”的头标（起到控制页面缓存的作用）。您可以使用例如以下的格式来书写 Expires：

动态页面请求处理

Nginx 本身并不支持现在流行的 JSP、ASP、PHP、PERL 等动态页面，但是它可以通过反向代理将请求发送到后端的服务器，例如 Tomcat、Apache、IIS 等来完成动态页面的请求处理。前面的配置示例中，我们首先定义了由 Nginx 直接处理的一些静态文件请求后，其他所有的请求通过 proxy_pass 指令传送给后端的服务器（在上述例子中是 Tomcat）。最简单的 proxy_pass 用法如下：

这里我们没有使用到集群，而是将请求直接送到运行在 8080 端口的 Tomcat 服务上来完成类似 JSP 和 Servlet 的请求处理。

当页面的访问量非常大的时候，往往需要多个应用服务器来共同承担动态页面的执行操作，这时我们就需要使用集群的架构。 Nginx 通过 upstream 指令来定义一个服务器的集群，最前面那个完整的例子中我们定义了一个名为 tomcats 的集群，这个集群中包括了三台服务器共 6 个 Tomcat 服务。而 proxy_pass 指令的写法变成了：

在 Nginx 的集群配置中，Nginx 使用最简单的平均分配规则给集群中的每个节点分配请求。一旦某个节点失效时，或者重新起效时，Nginx 都会非常及时的处理状态的变化，以保证不会影响到用户的访问。

总结

尽管整个程序包只有五百多 K，但麻雀虽小、五脏俱全。 Nginx 官方提供的各种功能模块应有尽有，结合这些模块可以完整各种各样的配置要求，例如：压缩、防盗链、集群、FastCGI、流媒体服务器、Memcached 支持、URL 重写等等，更关键的是 Nginx 拥有 Apache 和其他 HTTP 服务器无法比拟的高性能。您甚至可以在不改变原有网站的架构上，通过在前端引入 Nginx 来提升网站的访问速度。

本文只是简单介绍了 Nginx 的安装以及常见的基本的配置和使用，更多关于 Nginx 的信息请阅读文章后面的参考资源。在这里要非常感谢我的朋友——陈磊（chanix@msn.com），他一直在做 Nginx 的中文 WIKI（http://wiki.codemongers.com/NginxChs），同时也是他介绍给我这么好的一款软件。

如果您的网站是运行在 Linux 下，如果您并没有使用一些非常复杂的而且确定 Nginx 无法完成的功能，那您应该试试 Nginx 。

参考资料

学习

·                                 查阅 Nginx 英文站点。 

·                                 查阅 Nginx 中文 WIKI。 

·                                 查阅 Nginx 英文 WIKI。 

·                                 另外一个轻量级 HTTP 服务器 lighttpd。 

获得产品和技术

·                                 下载 最新版本的 Nginx。 

下载 PCRE。